growth hormone deficiency in children

Growth Hormone Use in Children (CIGNA PHARMACY COVERAGE)

For growth hormone deficiency in children (including pituitary dwarfism), when ALL of the following criteria are met:

==>; auxologic evaluation (stature and growth velocity data), including ONE of the following:

• individual’s height is more than two standards of deviation (SD) below average for the population mean height for age and sex, AND a height velocity measured over one year is more than one SD below the mean for chronological age, OR for children over two years of age, there is a decrease in height SD of more than 0.5 over one year.
•  individual’s height velocity measured over one year is more than two SD below the mean for age and sex OR more than 1.5 SD below the mean sustained over two years 

==>diagnostic evaluation, including ALL of the following:

• growth hormone response of less than 10 ng/mL to at least two provocative stimuli of growth hormone release: Insulin, Levodopa, L-Arginine, Clonidine, Glucagon. One  abnormal growth hormone stimulation test is sufficient for children with defined central  nervous system (CNS) pathology (e.g., empty sella syndrome, interruption of pituitary stalk,  hypoplasia of the pituitary gland, craniofacial developmental defects, pituitary or hypothalamic tumors, etc.);multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) (i.e., deficiency of  two or more pituitary hormones) or a proven genetic defect affecting the growth hormone axis. 
• other pituitary hormone deficiencies, e.g., thyroid, cortisol or sex steroids, have been ruled out and/or corrected prior to time of testing 
• for children with either documented panhypopituitarism, defined by the absence of all other anterior pituitary hormones [Luteinizing Hormone(LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)], or a history of cranial irradiation it may be assumed that growth hormone is also absent and no stimulation testing is required. 

==>Standard re-auth criteria apply:

• Yearly reassessment for re-authorization of coverage is required. 
• Coverage for continuation of therapy requires meeting current initial use criteria and evidence of a beneficial response as shown by growth curve chart 
• Coverage for growth promotion will cease when the bony epiphyses have closed.  

==>Small for Gestational Age (SGA) when ALL of the following criteria are met:

• child was born small for gestational age, defined as birth weight and/or length at least two standard deviations below the mean for gestational age 
• child fails to manifest catch-up growth by two years of age, defined as height at least two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex

 Yearly reassessment for reauthorization of coverage is required. 

Coverage for continuation of therapy requires meeting current initial diagnosis criteria only and evidence of a beneficial response as shown by growth curve chart. Coverage for growth promotion will cease when the bony epiphyses have closed.

Note: For consideration for Russell Silver Syndrome or chromosomal anomalies, please refer to end criteria section listing experimental, unproven, investigational indications.  

==>For Growth Delay in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease when ALL of the following criteria are met:

• renal function at stage 2 chronic kidney disease (or GFR from 60–89 ml/min/1.73m2)

==>auxologic evaluation (stature and growth velocity data)

Yearly reassessment for reauthorization of coverage is required. 

Coverage for continuation of therapy requires meeting current initial use criteria and evidence of a beneficial response as shown by growth curve chart. Coverage for growth promotion will cease when the bony epiphyses have closed.

 ==>For Turner Syndrome, when ALL of the following criteria are met:

• documentation of diagnosis as established by genetic testing
• auxologic evaluation (stature and growth velocity data)

 ==>For Prader-Willi Syndrome, when ALL of the following criteria are met:

• diagnosis of Prader-Willi Syndrome is confirmed by appropriate genetic testing
• auxologic evaluation (stature and growth velocity data)

     
 ==>For Noonan Syndrome, when ALL of the following criteria are met:

• diagnosis of Noonan Syndrome is confirmed by appropriate genetic testing 
• auxologic evaluation (stature and growth velocity data)       

==>For SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing gene) gene deletion treatment when ALL of the following criteria are met:

• diagnosis of SHOX gene deletion is confirmed by appropriate genetic testing 
• auxologic evaluation (stature and growth velocity data)

  
(stature and growth velocity data)
*individual’s height is more than two standards of deviation (SD) below average for the population mean height for age and sex, AND a height velocity measured over one year is more than one SD below the mean for chronological age, OR for children over two years of age, there is a decrease in height SD of more than 0.5 over one year          
*individual’s height velocity measured over one year is more than two SD below the mean for age and sex OR more than 1.5 SD below the mean sustained over two years.



Ref:
[2] CIGNA PHARMACY COVERAGE for Humatrope® Nutropin® and Nutropin AQ®

Grow Taller With HGH

 You heard what is HGH ,you also been told human growth hormone HGH can help in muscle building,what about the HGH effect on grow taller?

According to experts,it's possible but the results may very form individual,the question of whether you can grow taller with increased supply of human growth hormone is only relevant IF your growth plates are still OPENED..

You ask, what is growth plate? The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate or physis, is the area of growing tissue near the end of the long bones in children and adolescents.For those who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line.You can check out more detail definition about growth plate at Wiki.

In human body,every single long bone has at least two growth plates: one at each end. The growth plate determines the future length and shape of the mature bone.It's one of the key elements to determine how tall a person can be.



 How To We Know the growth plates Status
When growth is complete–sometime during adolescence–the growth plates close and are replaced by solid bone.Unfortunately there is no easy way find out whether a growth plate is still opened or not, the only way to know for sure is to have an x-ray done on the bones by a doctor.


For those whose growth plates are still open, an increased amount of human growth hormone can lead to height increase.

Through past research of human growth and development it has been proven that most young adults can still grow tall up to several inches.

This is due to the important role of our spinal column in relation to human growth. The length of the spinal column significantly contributes to human height – about 30% of the total height.

If your growth plates are indeed completely closed human growth hormone will likely do nothing for you as far as height increase is concerned. The good news is you can try other height increase methods.There are bunch of info on how to grow taller that you can search from internet.




Ref:
whatshghhumangrowthhormone.blogspot.com

Image illastration:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_Growth.png
 
Related Search Terms online:
Personal Health: For Short Children, a Plus Side of Human Growth Hormone
How to grow taller naturally
NFL union unconvinced about HGH test validity
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Should You Buy HGH online?

If you have these question in your mind;Does human growth hormone supplementary really works and what can you expect form it ?does it worth to try ?Yeah ,we know for certain people ,it not cheap.

Lots of people especially those who feel that there is something basic they need to know to ensure they make the right decisions when buying HGH products online or offline. Well, apart from the obvious answers like use your common sense,you should never believe to snake oil salesmen,you know ,there are so many HGH reseller out there.and here is always one basic thing you can do for yourself. Do you research study and ask question from those who have use it.



That's the thing with HGH if you really would like to give it a try, it's expensive for certain people and you have to try it for an extended period of time to see any real results to your body comp wise.

You also need to have a positive mindset ,trying something that can make you younger is a good thing,do feel better mentally/emotionally while on trying HGH,Instead of pretty much from the outset but for it to take any effect on your body it needs to be run for months.Check out our previous post on What is Human Growth Hormone(HGH) and what can HGH benefit to you.

Note that I am not suggest and it's not suitable for those under say 30 at the least(unless you are use it for body building) and even is better again for anyone over 40. At this age you will see and reap more of a benefit from HGH.

It's not a magical stuff that will make you feel like you are 20 again. In fact,It won't drop your body fat to nothing. It does cause hypoglycemia if you're prone to that happening. It will help you lose some body fat but that comes with cardio too. It's not going to have an anabolic effect at low doses so don't buy it for that unless you're ready to pump a lot into you.

Should You Buy HGH online? Will it Worthy? As you can tell by now I think it's worth for the price tag. It's a good product but you have to buy from the trusted seller ,the return on investment might determine by who and where you get the best quality human growth hormone product.

Related search terms :

• Can HGH Injection Truly Work?
  
• Buy HGH Website Educates Consumers on the Pros and Cons of Human Growth Hormone Supplements

HGH Treatment For Children

You might think most of the time HGH is for bodybuilding and aging people.How about HGH Treatment FOR Children? Did you now Children who born small for gestational age (SGA) who do not show catch-up in the first 2 years generally remain short for life.

How Human Growth Hormone work in children?The human growth hormone has two cycles which are direct cycle and indirect cycle.Before we go any detail to explain how and what hgh effect on children ,you should know What is Human Growth Hormone(hGH). The direct cycle are the result of human growth hormones binding its receptors on target cells (. During the indirect cycle, human growth hormone is primarily released in pulses that take place during the beginning phases of sleep.

Growth hormone is rapidly converted in the liver to its powerful growth promoting metabolite, Insulin like Growth Factor - Type 1 (IGF-1), also referred to as Somatomedin C . IGF-1 causes most of the effects associated with growth hormone . It is measured in the blood to determine the level of growth hormone secretion . Most of the beneficial effects of human growth hormone are directly attributable to IGF-1 .

Although the majority of children born SGA are not growth hormone (GH) deficient, GH treatment is known to improve average growth in these children. Early studies using HGH in children born SGA demonstrated increased height velocity, but these effects tended to be short-term with effects decreasing when Human growth hormone HGH treatment stopped.

With refined GH regimens, significant effects on height have been shown, with gains of approximately 1 standard deviation score after 2 years. Studies have also shown that long-term continuous GH therapy can significantly increase final height to within the normal range.

GH treatment of children born SGA does not appear to unduly affect bone age or pubertal development. Growth prediction models have been used to identify various factors involved in the response to GH therapy with ageat start, treatment duration, and GH dose showing strong effects.

Genetic factors such as the exon 3 deletion of the GH receptor may contribute to short stature of children born SGA and may also be involved in the responsiveness to GH treatment, but there remain other unknown genetic and/or environmental factors.

No unexpected safety concerns have arisen in GH therapy trials. In particular, no long-term adverse effects have been seen for glucose metabolism, and positive effects have been shown for lipid profiles and blood pressure. GH treatment in short children born SGA has shown a beneficial, growthpromoting effect in both the short-and long-term, and has become a recognized indication in both the US and Europe.

Indirect Effects are mediated primarily by Insulin like Growth Factor, a hormone that is secreted from the liver and other tissues in response to human growth hormones .A majority of the effects of human growth hormones is actually due to IGF-1 acting on target cells . The two feedback circuits, negative feedback circuit and positive feedback circuit, are the heart of the endocrine system. The negative feedback circuit uses two hypothalamic hormones, GHRH and SS, to control the secretion of growth hormone; meanwhile, positive feedback is seen when the output of a pathway stimulates inputs to the pathway.

According to the test, the only effective way to increase the secretion of growth hormone is to minimize the effect of the negative feedback circuit by creating a natural positive feedback circuit .

The side effects of HGH injections

HGH injections are good for helping children to grow. However, the side effects of HGH may include: ear infection, abdominal pain or bloating, changes in vision, headache, nausea and vomiting, skin rash or itching, carpal tunnel syndrome, enlargement of breasts, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue and swelling of hands, feet or lower legs . If HGH is given to children with normal growth, serious side effects may occur because levels in the body become too high. They include development of diabetes; abnormal growth of bones and internal organs such as the heart, kidneys and liver; hardening of the arteries, and high blood pressure . New research also suggests a link to colorectal cancer later in life . Long-term over-dosage could result in symptoms of acromegaly, or excessive bone growth . HGH injections should not be given to children with normal growth because they could get diabetes and develop malformed growth of bones and internal organs, hardening of the arteries, and high blood pressure.

Further studies on individualized treatment regimens and long-term safety are ongoing.

Reference Resources:

• http://www.hmedicine.com/news/guide/hgh.php
• http://www.humangrowthhormone.nu/explain.html
• http://www.msnbc.com/news/785625.asp
• http://www.growtaller.net/advancedexplanations.html